food+packaging


 * Food Packaging

In the early America food was consumed where it was found. They either went out to catch, kill or gather their food. The technique of wrapping food in paper arrived in America in Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1690. Robert Gair in Brooklyn was a printer and a paper-bag maker in the 1870's. Then he invented the Cardboard box to put food and supplies in. The Kellogg brothers first used the "cereal box"

Paper and cardboard Carton emerged at the end of the 19th centuary as the material for packaging foods. For a while the price for food the materials for food packaging remain more expensive then the food itself. Technology made it possible to produce materials cheaper. In the 1880's in U.S.A paper and cartons were made unpassing to fat and fluid by coating them with a thick layer of paraffin. In the 1930's, cellophane became and important material for food packaging, but it was replaced by polyethylene, Borgstrom (1967), and other forms of plastic. Tetra Pak was invented in Sweden in 1952. This increased the capabilities of cartion containers for milk, fruit drink, etc. In the 1940's, disposable packaging was a big breakthrough for the food packaging. The microwave was a convenienc when further enhanced in the 1980's. The demand for microwaveable foods stimulated the development of modifide atmosphere packaging.

__Gustavus Swift and Phillip Armour__

Gustavus was born June 24, 1839 on Massachusett's Cape Cod Bay. He was apart of a family of 12 kids. He went to a local school. He left at the age of 14. Gustavus Swift Revolutionized the meatpacking industry by using the refrigerated railroad cars. He helped overcome consumer mistrut of processed meat. He inspired mechanized meat packaging. He earned a fortune by making a large-scale slaughter and processing of cattle and shipping of products to the East Coast. He found many profitable uses for byproducts of the slaughterhouse. He was the pioneer of vertical integrigation.



Phillip Armour owned one of Chicago's largest meatpacking industry. He was and important Philanthropist. He was born on a New York Farm in the year of 1832. Most of his time was spent in California Gold feilds before he joined a Provision firm and then a packing company in Milwaukee. The Chicago Untion Stock yard persuaded him that the meatpacking future is in the city. He and his brothers founded Armour & co. in 1867. Started packing Hogs in a rented plant. Phillip Armour died January 1901. His son Took his place when he died as head of vast enterprise in Chicago.

__Working conditions__

Today the government makes laws that make working safe. In the Industrial revolution the laws didn't exist so it was not as safe. They hired small children to crawl into small, very dangerous areas. Today we don't employ children. They had factory acts saying what age you have to be to work, what hours children and woman have. The factory act of 1819 says limited hours children can work is a maximum of twelve hours a day. The Factory Act of 1833 says that no children nine and under can work. Children 10-13 can work up to 48 hours a week. The factory act of 1844 says that woman can work up to 12 hours a day. The Factory Act of 1847 says that woman and children can work up to 10 hours a day. The Factory act of 1850 say that woman and children can work up to ten and a half hours a day, but they cannot work before six in the morning or after six in the evening. The Factory Act of 1874 says that no worker can work more than fifty six and a half hours a week.



__Pure Food and Drug Act__

In 1906 they found habit forming drugs in certain medications. Dr. Harvey W. Wiley found some harmful substances in the meat packing industry. Based on the findings they regulated The Food and Drug Act of 1906. This law stated that the food and drug product had to be tested before being sold. It also stated that any drug had to be prescribed by a doctor or someone in the medical field. Lastly it had to labeled with warnings and habit-forming precautions.

__Meat Inspection Act__ The Meat had to be inspected because of the Pure food and Drug Act. The animals had to pass an inspection to prove that they were healthy to eat or not. Carcasses had to take a Post Mortem inspection. The Slaughter houses and Processing plants had to be very Sanitary to pass the Meat inspections.

__Brand Names and labels__

In the first half of the 19th century, food manufacturers thought that their products would be sold better if a name was attached to them. They thought that the customers could easy recongnize them. labels had information about the contents that were put in the products. The law says that they must provide information about the product.



__Technological Advances__

There are many Technological made today. Mostly for the on-the-go people. They have made the ready-to-eat food that you throw in the microwave and go. Frost and Sullivan Research has came up with latest advancments in the food industry. They use packaging such as glass, plastics, metals, and paperboard. MAP (Modified Atmospheric Packaging) is a technique for keeping the quality of the food fresh.

reference:** []

[]

[]

http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1724.html

http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/IndustrialRevolution/workingconditions.htm

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h917.html

[]